Members of Congress today will get a crash course on bitcoin, the
digital "currency" that allows users to conduct transactions online. In
just five years the virtual currency has gone from being worth pennies
to nearly $600 a piece. It has funded nascent democracy movements as
well as a huge underground marketplace for illegal drugs and weapons.
We set out to answer the question: What Are Bitcoins?
Below is an attempt to answer that and many other questions surrounding
the virtual currency. And we promise to speak really, really slowly.
When I was 4, I bit a coin, swallowed it, and had to go to the emergency
room. I've had a fear of payphones and gumball machines ever since.
Thank goodness Congress has finally gotten around to fixing the scourge
of people biting coins. Wait... is this the same thing?
You never have to worry about choking on a bitcoin. Unlike U.S.
quarters, Canadian loonies, or, for that matter, the currencies of every
country in the world, bitcoins are completely virtual. They exist only
online and are not controlled by a central authority like the Federal
Reserve.
If hard currency is like a record, then a bitcoin is like an MP3.
That means you can't get them from a bank, or drop them in a wishing
well. All transactions take place in an online marketplace, where users
are untraceable.
If I can't hide it under my mattress, how can I know my stash is safe?
You hold bitcoins in an online "wallet." This is an account set up on a secure third-party website.
Unlike banks, wallet firms won't invest your money. Nor do they
guarantee the same protections afforded banks by institutions like the
FDIC.
If your wallet is hacked and your bitcoins are stolen, there is not much you can do about it.
This sounds a lot like the coins from Super Mario Brothers. Do I have to bang my head against a brick wall to get the money?
New bitcoins enter the market by a process called "mining." Available
bitcoins are hidden amid a complex encrypted computer program. Users'
computers are working round the clock to solve a complicated
mathematical problem in order to release new coins.
The easiest-mined bitcoins have already been discovered. Finding new
coins requires huge amounts of computing power. That has led some
hackers to take over unsuspecting users' computers to harness their
power to mine for more bitcoins.
The system is designed to require more work to get coins as time goes
by, that makes the currency's growth rate, also known as inflation,
steady and predictable.
About 11 million bitcoins have already been found. But only 21 million exist in total.
How do I use bitcoins? I have a feeling my kids won't be happy when I tell them they're getting virtual currency for Christmas.
You can use bitcoins to buy anything with which you would use any other
kind of currency. There's just one huge hitch: the business has to
accept bitcoins, and most don't.
When you want to buy something, you find out the anonymous
identification number attached to the seller's wallet, and transfer
coins from your wallet to his.
It's this anonymity that has made the currency popular with drug dealers.
Drug dealers? I knew this sounded sketchy. Are these things even legal?
Recently, Silk Road, an online marketplace for illicit drugs, which used
bitcoins to facilitate transactions was shut down by the FBI.
Like cash, bitcoins are untraceable, which makes drug dealers like them.
Unlike cash, however, bitcoins can easily be transferred anywhere in
the world.
For now bitcoins are legal, so long as they're being used for legal purchases.
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